Latiorina
| Number: | 15589.0 | |
|---|---|---|
| Author: | Tutt | |
| Family: | Lycaenidae | |
| Genus: | Latiorina | |
| Journal: | Nat. Hist. Br. Butts | |
| Year: | 1909 | |
| Homonym Count: | 1.0 | |
| Page: | 155 | |
| Part: | (6) | |
| Ref Id: | 5997.0 | |
| Status: | Junior objective synonym | |
| Subfamily: | Polyommatinae | |
| Superfamily: | Papilionoidea | |
| Tribe: | Polyommatini | |
| Volume: | 3 | |
| Senior Syn: | AGRIADES | |
| Senior Syn Author: | Hübner | |
| Senior Syn Page: | 68 | |
| Senior Syn Year: | 1819 | |
| Type Country: | ? COUNTRY | |
| Type Depository: | (? Depository) | |
| Type Locality: | ? Locality | |
| Types: | ? Type status | |
| Type Des Ref Id: | 7609.0 | |
| Type Des: | by subsequent designation by | |
| Type Des Author: | Int. Commn zool. Nom. | |
| Type Des Year: | 1946 | |
| Type Des Journal: | Opin. Decl. int. Commn zool. Nom. | |
| Type Des Title: | Opinions and declarations rendered by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature | |
| Type Des Volume: | 2 | |
| Type Des Page: | 485 (Opinion 173) | |
| Type Des Bhl Page: | http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/107808#page/602/mode/2up | |
| Type Sp Author: | Prunner | |
| Type Sp Journal: | Lepid. pedemont. | |
| Type Sp Page: | 76 | |
| Type Sp Year: | 1798 | |
| Type Sp Ref Id: | 10873.0 | |
| Type Sp Genus: | Papilio | |
| Type Sp: | glandon | |
| Memo Links: | ['http://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/gbn/Lamas_Genera_04ii08.xls', 'http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/127039', 'http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lycaenidae', 'http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/search?searchTerm=LATIORINA'] | |
| Memo: | Hemming (1967) stated:- This is a genus based upon a misidentified type-species and remained in this unsatisfactory situation until the position was rectified by the Commission under its Plenary Powers in the Opinion cited in [1946], Opin. int. Comm. zool. Nom. 2 : 483-494. The case of the name Latiorina Tutt is inseparable from that of the name Agriades Hübner, which it resembles in all essential respects ; the problems arising in connection with these names were submitted to the Commission in a single joint application, and the decisions of the Commission in regard to both these names were promulgated in the same Opinion. The problems involved have been described in detail in the note on the name Agriades Hübner and can therefore here be recapitulated very simply as follows. Two well-known Plebejid Lycaenids occurring in the Alps of Central Europe are involved in this case. Both of these were first described and named by Leonardus de Prunner in 1798 in his little work Lepidoptera pedemontana. To one of these he gave the name (: 75) Papilio orbitulus, and to the other (: 76) the name Papilio glandon. The name orbitulus properly applies to, and is now used for, the species to which in the application submitted to the Commission I gave (1946, loc. cit. 2 : 486) the English vernacular name "The Green-underside Alpine Blue" ; this species which throughout the XIXth century and in the opening years of the XXth century was known by the later specific name Papilio pheretes Hübner, occurs locally in the Alps of Europe at high elevations extending, eastwards in similar stations as far as Siberia. The name glandon properly applies to, and is now used for the species to which in 1946 (loc. cit. 2 : 486) I gave the English vernacular name "The Arctic Blue". This species which is confined either to high altitudes or to high latitudes, has a much wider distribution than the "Green-underside Alpine Blue", for in addition to occurring in many of the mountain regions occupied by that species, it (or very closely-allied species) occur at much lower levels in the Far North of the Palaearctic Regions and extend to the circumpolar portion of the Nearctic Region and thence in the west in the mountains as far south as California and Colorado. The great confusion which for so long existed in regard to the interpretation of these two nominal species of de Prunner's was due to the fact (a) that the name glandon was either neglected or treated as a synonym of orbitulus and (b) that the name orbitulus was incorrectly applied to the "Arctic Blue" (i.e. the true glandon) instead of being used for the "Green-underside Alpine Blue", to which it rightfully applies. In his studies of the Palaearctic Plebejids, Chapman reached the conclusion that a separate genus was required for the accommodation of the "Arctic Blue" (that is, for the species then still misidentified as orbitulus Prunner) ; this view was accepted by Tutt who thereupon (in 1909) established the genus Latiorina. He would no doubt have applied the name Agriades Hübner, of which also the "Arctic Blue" was already the type-species, also under the misapplied name orbitulus, if it had not been for the fact that he himself had made the mistake of believing that a quite different species (Papilio coridon Poda, 1761) was the type-species. It was not until 1926 (Ent. Rec. 38 : 105) that the erroneous nature of the long-established interpretation of the two de Prunner species here under consideration was demonstrated by Verity in detail. The publication of this paper at once brought to the front the question of the species to be accepted as the type-species of Agriades (and its junior objective synonym Latiorina). Should that species be the false "orbitulus Prunner" of authors (that is, the species to which the name Papilio glandon de Prunner properly applies) or should it be the true orbitulus Prunner (that is the species habitually known by the specific name pheretes) ? This was an immediately practical question, because by this time specialists in this group were agreed on taxonomic grounds that the "Arctic Blue" (the false orbitulus) and the "Green-underside Alpine Blue" (the true obitulus) were referable to different genera, the former being accepted as the type-species of Agriades Hübner, the latter as the type-species of Albulina Tutt. The view which I took was that, despite the normally applicable precept that an author establishing a genus should be assumed to have correctly identified the species placed in it by him, there were insuperable objections to the adoption of this procedure in the present case, for, to have done so, would have been deliberately to fly in the face of the intention clearly stated by Hübner when establishing the genus Agriades, that author having then placed the false "orbitulus" n Agriades and the true orbitulus (under the name pheretes) in the genus Nomiades. Moreover, to have adopted the manifestly incorrect assumption that Hübner had correctly identified the foregoing species would have led to the most confusing name-changing for it would have been necessary to transfer the name Agriades from the "Arctic Blue" to the "Green-underside Blue" (at the same time sinking the name Albulina as a junior subjective synonym of Agriades), and, there being no available synonym, to establish an entirely new generic name for the "Arctic Blue" . Accordingly, when I dealt with this subject in 1934 (Gen. Names hol. Butts 1 : 108), I maintained the name Agriades for the "Arctic Blue" as a provisional measure, pending the submission of an application to the Commission for relief under the Plenary Powers. At the same time, I adopted for the "Arctic Blue" the correct specific name glandon Prunner in place of the name orbitulus Prunner in its customarily misidentified sense. I did this with reluctance and only because at that time the Commission was not prepared - indeed, hardly considered itself authorised - to use its Plenary Powers in relation to specific names as well as to generic names. In the following year (1935) I submitted the contemplated application to the Commission, by which it was approved at its Session held at Lisbon later that year. Under that decision the Plenary Powers were used to designate Papilio glandon Prunner, 1798, to be the type-species both of Agriades Hübner, [1819], and of Latiorina Tutt, 1909. Financial and administrative difficulties delayed the promulagtion of the Lisbon decisions and it was not until 1946 (Opin. Int. Comm. zool Nom. 2 : 483-494) that Opinion 173 embodying it was published. The action described above was completed in 1954 (loc. cit. 6 : 25-40) when by the Ruling given in Opinion 270 the Commission, noting that, under the Ruling given in Opinion 173, the name Latiorina Tutt, 1909, was invalid as a junior objective synonym of Agriades Hübner, [1819], placed it on the Official Index of Rejected and Invalid Generic Names in Zoology as Name No. 67. The higher classification used here follows Lamas (2008). |
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Additional Information
| Format | unknown |
|---|---|
| License | Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike |
| Dataset | buttmoth |
| Dataset ID | f8bc9b9c-009a-4689-bd01-ed621095c457 |
| Resource | Butterflies and Moths of the World |
| Resource ID | c1727662-2d1e-426f-818c-d144552a747c |