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Diversity and evolution of amphibian pupil shapes

Pupil constriction has important functional consequences for animal vision, yet the evolutionary mechanisms underlying diverse pupil sizes and shapes are poorly understood. We aimed to quantify the diversity and evolution of pupil shapes among amphibians and test for potential correlations to ecology based on functional hypotheses. Using photographs, we surveyed pupil shape across adults of 1293 amphibian species, 72 families, and 3 orders, and additionally for larval life stages for all families of frogs and salamanders with a biphasic ontogeny. For amphibians with a biphasic life history, we found that pupils change in many species that occupy distinct habitats before and after metamorphosis. In addition, we found that non-elongated (round or diamond) constricted pupils were correlated with species inhabiting consistently dim light environments (burrowing and aquatic species) and that elongated pupils (vertical and horizontal) were more common in species with larger absolute eye sizes. We propose that amphibians provide a valuable group within which to explore the anatomical, physiological, optical, and ecological mechanisms underlying the evolution of pupil shape.

Data and Resources

Cite this as

Kate N Thomas; Caitlyn Rich; Rachel Quock; Jeffrey Streicher et al. (2022). Diversity and evolution of amphibian pupil shapes [Data set]. Natural History Museum. https://doi.org/10.5519/4q5uvvpa
Retrieved: 15:26 22 Apr 2025 (UTC) BibTeX

Additional Info

Field Value
Primary contributors
Thomas, Kate N;
Rich, Caitlyn;
Quock, Rachel;
Streicher, Jeffrey ( 0000-0002-3738-4162);
Gower, David J;
Schott, Ryan K;
Fujita, Matthew K;
Bell, Rayna C
Other contributors
Last updated 28 January 2022
Last resource update 28 January 2022 (Amphibian pupil data)
Created 28 January 2022
License Open Data Commons Attribution License